Marème Niang Belko knows first-hand the challenge of producing crops in arid Senegal, where only 20 percent of the land is arable, according to a 2010 Work Bank report, and less than 700 mm of precipitation is recorded annually. As a farmer’s daughter from St. Louis, northern Senegal, she cultivated tomatoes, potatoes, and rice right alongside her father and her six siblings in the family’s sandy, coastal fields, where daily temperatures can reach up to 45 degrees Celsius.